List of Holocaust survivors

The Holocaust
Part of: Jewish history
Responsibility Nazi Germany People Major Perpetrators Adolf Hitler Heinrich Himmler Reinhard Heydrich Adolf Eichmann Odilo Globocnik Theodor Eicke Richard Glücks Ernst Kaltenbrunner Rudolf Höss Christian Wirth Organizations Nazi Party Schutzstaffel (SS) Gestapo Sturmabteilung (SA) Collaborators during World War II Nazi ideologues
Early policies Racial policy Nazi eugenics Nuremberg Laws Haavara Agreement Madagascar Plan Forced euthanasia
Victims Jews in Europe Jews in Germany Romani people (Gypsies) Poles Soviet POWs Slavs in Eastern Europe Homosexuals People with disabilities Serbs Freemasons Jehovah's Witnesses
Ghettos Białystok Budapest Kovno Kraków Łódź Lublin Lwów Minsk Riga Vilna Warsaw Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland List of selected ghettos
Atrocities Pogroms Kristallnacht Bucharest Dorohoi Iaşi Jedwabne Kaunas Lviv (Lvov) Tykocin Vel' d'Hiv Wąsosz Einsatzgruppen Babi Yar Bydgoszcz Kamianets-Podilskyi Ninth Fort Odessa Piaśnica Ponary Rumbula Erntefest "Final Solution" Wannsee Conference Operation Reinhard Holocaust trains Extermination camps End of World War II Wola massacre Death marches
Camps Nazi extermination camps Auschwitz-Birkenau Bełżec Chełmno Jasenovac Majdanek Maly Trostenets Sobibor Treblinka Nazi concentration camps Bergen-Belsen Bogdanovka Buchenwald Dachau Gross-Rosen Herzogenbusch Janowska Kaiserwald Mauthausen-Gusen Neuengamme Ravensbrück Sachsenhausen Sajmište Salaspils Stutthof Theresienstadt Uckermark Warsaw Transit and collection camps Belgium Breendonk Mechelen France Gurs Drancy Italy Bolzano Netherlands Amersfoort Westerbork Divisions SS-Totenkopfverbände Concentration Camps Inspectorate Politische Abteilung Sanitätswesen Extermination methods Inmate identification Gas van Gas chamber Extermination through labor Human medical experimentation Inmate disposal of victims
Resistance Jewish partisans Bricha Ghetto uprisings Warsaw Białystok Łachwa Częstochowa
Aftermath Nuremberg Trials Denazification Bricha Surviving Remnant Displaced persons Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany
Lists Holocaust survivors Survivors of Sobibor Timeline of Treblinka Victims of Nazism Rescuers of Jews
Resources The Destruction of the European Jews Functionalism versus intentionalism
Remembrance Days of remembrance Memorials and museums

There are many Holocaust survivors who went on to achieve a measure of objective notability. Those listed here were, at the very least, residents of the parts of Europe occupied by the Axis powers during World War II who survived until the end of the Holocaust (and the war). The majority of the survivors on this list lived through the war in Nazi concentration camps.

Contents 1 Artists, painters 1.1 Deceased 2 Actors, actresses, and directors 2.1 Living 3 Literature, memoirs and publishing 3.1 Living 3.2 Deceased 4 Music 4.1 Living 4.2 Deceased 5 Humanities 5.1 Living 5.2 Deceased 6 Mathematics and natural sciences 6.1 Living 6.2 Deceased 7 Theology, spirituality, religion 7.1 Living 7.2 Deceased 8 Politics, resistance 8.1 Living 8.2 Deceased 9 Speakers and researchers of the Holocaust 9.1 Living 9.2 Deceased 10 Military 10.1 Living 10.2 Deceased 11 Sports 12 See also 12.1 Documentaries about Holocaust survivors 13 References 14 External links

Artists, painters

Deceased

Name	Sex	Birth	Death (age)	Country
Babbitt, Dina	F	01923-01-21 21 January 1923	02009-07-29 29 July 2009 (86)
Mušič, Zoran	M	01909-02-12 12 February 1909	02005-05-25 25 May 2005 (94)	Slovenia
Olère, David	M	01902-01-19 19 January 1902	01985-08-21 21 August 1985 (83)	Poland

Actors, actresses, and directors

Living

Name	Sex	Birth (age)	Country
Clary, Robert	M	01926-03-01 1 March 1926 (85)	France
Le Beau, Bettina	F	01932-10-24 24 October 1932 (79)
Lowens, Curt	M	01925-11-17 17 November 1925 (86)	Germany
Polanski, Roman	M	01933-08-18 18 August 1933 (78)	Poland

Literature, memoirs and publishing

Living

Name	Sex	Birth (age)	Country
Appleman-Jurman, Alicia	F	01930-05-09 9 May 1930 (81)	Poland
Auerbacher, Inge	F	01934-12-31 31 December 1934 (77)	Germany
Barasch, Werner[1]	M	01919-05-27 27 May 1919 (92)	Germany
Beck, Gad	M	01923 1923 (89)	Germany
Begley, Louis	M	01933-10-06 6 October 1933 (78)	Ukraine
Brady, George	M	01928-02-09 9 February 1928 (84)	Czechoslovakia
Collis, Zoltan	M	01940 1940 (72)
Faber, David	M	01926 1926 (86)	Poland
Frister, Roman	M	01928-01-17 17 January 1928 (84)	Poland
Goldman, Yosef	M	01942 1942 (70)
Gray, Martin	M	01922 1922 (90)	Poland
Harsh, Arek	M	01928 1928 (84)	Poland
Heller, Fanya	F	01924 1924 (88)	Ukraine
Herzberger, Magda	F	01926 1926 (86)	Romania
Hollander, Eugene	M	01914 1914 (98)	Hungary
Jeruchim, Simon[2]	M	01929-12-25 25 December 1929 (83)	France
Kertész, Imre	M	01929-11-09 9 November 1929 (82)	Hungary
Kiek Cohen, Sonja[3]	F	01922-11-21 21 November 1922 (89)	Netherlands
Klein, Gerda	F	01924-05-08 8 May 1924 (87)
Klíma, Ivan	M	01931-09-14 14 September 1931 (80)	Czechoslovakia
Lustig, Arnošt	M	01926-12-21 21 December 1926 (85)	Czechoslovakia
Müller, Filip	M	01922 1922 (90)	Czechoslovakia
Pahor, Boris	M	01913-08-28 28 August 1913 (98)	Italy
Reich-Ranicki, Marcel	M	01920-06-02 2 June 1920 (91)	Germany
Schloss, Eva[4]	F	01929 1929 (83)	Austria
Sobolewicz, Tadeusz	M	01923-03-25 25 March 1923 (88)	Poland
Stenbock, Fanie[5][6]	F	01919 1919 (93)	Poland
Westheimer, Ruth	F	01928-06-04 4 June 1928 (83)	Germany
Wiesel, Elie	M	01928-09-30 30 September 1928 (83)	Romania

Deceased

Name	Sex	Birth	Death (age)	Country
Albreht, Fran	M	01889-05-11 11 May 1889	01963-11-02 2 November 1963 (73)	Czechoslovakia
Albreht, Vera	F	01895-02-11 11 February 1895	01971-05-25 25 May 1971 (76)	Czechoslovakia
Baumann-Parkhurst, Marion[7]	F	01912-08-21 21 August 1912	02009-04-06 6 April 2009 (96)	Germany
Chillag, John	F	01927-04-20 20 April 1927	02009-03-21 21 March 2009 (81)	Austria
Boom, Cornelia "Corrie" ten	F	01892-04-15 15 April 1892	01983-04-15 15 April 1983 (91)	Netherlands
Borowski, Tadeusz	M	01922-11-12 12 November 1922	01951-07-01 1 July 1951 (28)	Ukraine
Celan, Paul	M	01920-11-23 23 November 1920	01970-04-20 20 April 1970 (49)	Romania
Clare, George	M	01920-12-21 21 December 1920	02009-03-26 26 March 2009 (88)	Britain
De-Nur, Yehiel	M	01909-05-16 16 May 1909	02001-07-17 17 July 2001 (92)	Poland
Delbo, Charlotte	F	01913-08-10 10 August 1913	01985-03-01 1 March 1985 (71)	France
Feldhendler, Leon	M	01910 1910	01945-04-06 6 April 1945 (34-35)	Poland
Fénelon, Fania	F	01908-09-02 2 September 1908	01983-12-19 19 December 1983 (75)	France
Frank, Otto	M	01889-05-12 12 May 1889	01980-08-19 19 August 1980 (91)	Germany
Frankl, Victor	M	01905-03-26 26 March 1905	01997-08-02 2 August 1997 (92)	Austria
Glazar, Richard	M	01920-11-29 29 November 1920	01997-12-20 20 December 1997 (77)	Czechoslovakia
Hutyra, Stanisław[8]	M	01922 1922	02000-02-06 6 February 2000 (87)	Poland
Klemperer, Victor	M	01889-10-09 9 October 1889	01960-02-11 11 February 1960 (70)	Germany
Komski, Jan	M	01915-02-03 3 February 1915	02002-07-20 20 July 2002 (87)	Poland
Korn, Abram[9]	M	01923 1923	01972 1972 (49)	Poland
Kosinski, Jerzy	M	01933-06-14 14 June 1933	01991-05-03 3 May 1991 (57)	Poland
Kralj, Vladimir	M	01901-08-16 16 August 1901	01969-03-29 29 March 1969 (67)	Slovenia
Lengyel, Olga	F	01908 1908	02001 2001 (93)	Romania
Levi, Primo	M	01919-07-31 31 July 1919	01987-04-11 11 April 1987 (67)	Italy
Maxwell, Robert	M	01923-06-10 10 June 1923	01991-11-05 5 November 1991 (68)	Czechoslovakia
Øverland, Ole	M	01889-04-27 27 April 1889	01968-03-25 25 March 1968 (78)	Norway
Pagis, Dan	M	01930-10-16 16 October 1930	01986-07-29 29 July 1986 (55)	Romania
Prežihov, Voranc	M	01893-08-10 10 August 1893	01950-06-02 2 June 1950 (56)	Czechoslovakia
Semprún, Jorge	M	01923-12-10 10 December 1923	02011-06-07 7 June 2011 (87)	Spain
Spiegelman, Vladek[10]	M	01906-10-11 11 October 1906	01982-08-18 18 August 1982 (75)	Poland
Sruoga, Balys	M	01896-02-02 2 February 1896	01947-10-16 16 October 1947 (51)	Lithuania
Staner, Mieczysław	M	01924 1924	02003-08-29 29 August 2003 (79)	Poland
Torkar, Igor	M	01913-10-13 13 October 1913	02004-01-01 1 January 2004 (90)	Czechoslovakia

Music

Living

Name	Sex	Birth (age)	Country
Ben-Or, Nelly	F	01933 1933 (79)	Poland
Lasker-Wallfisch, Anita	F	01925 1925 (86)	Germany

Deceased

Name	Sex	Birth	Death (age)	Country
Ančerl, Karel	M	01908-04-11 11 April 1908	01973-07-03 3 July 1973 (65)	Czechoslovakia
Arnič, Blaž	M	01901-01-31 31 January 1901	01970-02-01 1 February 1970 (69)	Czechoslovakia
Fénelon, Fania	F	01908-09-02 2 September 1908	01983-12-19 19 December 1983 (75)	France
Graham, Bill	M	01931-01-08 8 January 1931	01991-10-25 25 October 1991 (60)	Germany
Karp, Natalia	F	01911-02-27 27 February 1911	02007-07-09 9 July 2007 (96)	Poland
Messiaen, Olivier	M	01908-12-10 10 December 1908	01992-04-27 27 April 1992 (83)	France
Szpilman, Władysław	M	01911-12-05 5 December 1911	02000-07-06 6 July 2000 (88)	Poland

Humanities

Living

Name	Sex	Birth (age)	Country
Aran, Lydia[11]	F	01921 1921 (91)	Lithuania
Lauren Horn	F	01921 1921 (81)	Czechoslovakia
Buergenthal, Thomas	M	01934-05-11 11 May 1934 (77)	Czechoslovakia

Deceased

Name	Sex	Birth	Death (age)	Country
Fackenheim, Emil	M	01916-06-26 26 June 1916	02003-09-18 18 September 2003 (87)	Germany
Feuerwerker, Antoinette	F	01912-11-24 24 November 1912	02003-02-10 10 February 2003 (90)	Belgium
Sendler, Irena	F	01910-02-15 15 February 1910	02008-05-12 12 May 2008 (98)	Poland
Tatarkiewicz, Władysław	M	01886-04-03 3 April 1886	01980-04-04 4 April 1980 (94)	Poland
Wahl, Jean	M	01888-05-15 15 May 1888	01974 1974 (86)	France

Mathematics and natural sciences

Living

Name	Sex	Birth (age)	Country
Grothendieck, Alexander	M	01928-03-28 28 March 1928 (83)	Germany
Kahneman, Daniel	M	01934-03-05 5 March 1934 (77)
Kandel, Eric	M	01929-11-07 7 November 1929 (82)
Kohn, Walter	M	01923-03-09 9 March 1923 (88)	Austria
Morgentaler, Henry	M	01923-03-19 19 March 1923 (88)	Poland
Tanay, Emanuel	M	01928 1928 (84)	Poland
Warfman, Rose	F	01916-10-04 4 October 1916 (95)	Switzerland
Wilchek, Meir	M	01935 1935 (77)	Poland

Deceased

Name	Sex	Birth	Death (age)	Country
Charpak, Georges	M	01924-08-01 1 August 1924	02010-09-29 29 September 2010 (86)	French
Goldschmidt, Victor	M	01888-01-27 27 January 1888	01947-03-20 20 March 1947 (59)	Switzerland
Librescu, Liviu	M	01930-08-18 18 August 1930	02007-04-16 16 April 2007 (76)	Romania
Mandel, Ernest	M	01923-04-05 5 April 1923	01995-07-20 20 July 1995 (72)	Germany
Shahak, Israel	M	01933-04-28 28 April 1933	02001-07-02 2 July 2001 (68)	Poland
Ślebodziński, Władysław	M	01884-02-06 6 February 1884	01972-01-03 3 January 1972 (87)	Poland
Touschek, Bruno	M	01921-02-03 3 February 1921	01978-05-25 25 May 1978 (57)	Austria
Turán, Pál	M	01910-08-18 18 August 1910	01976-09-26 26 September 1976 (66)	Hungary

Theology, spirituality, religion

Living

Name	Sex	Birth (age)	Country
Engleitner, Leopold	M	01905-07-23 23 July 1905 (106)	Austria
Gold, Ben-Zion[12]	M	01923 1923 (89)	Poland
Halivni, David	M	01927 1927 (85)	Ukraine
Lau, Yisrael	M	01937-06-01 1 June 1937 (74)	Poland
Sobolewski, Sigmund	M	01923 1923 (89)	Poland
Taub, Menachem	M		Poland

Deceased

Name	Sex	Birth	Death (age)	Country
Avigdor, Yaakov	M	01896 1896	01967 1967 (71)	Poland
Feuerwerker, David	M	01912-10-02 2 October 1912	01980-06-20 20 June 1980 (67)	Switzerland
Gajowniczek, Franciszek	F	01901 1901	01995-03-13 13 March 1995 (93 or 94)	Poland
Goldman, Chananya	M	01905 1905	01982 1982 (77)	Hungary
Halberstam, Yekusiel Yehudah	M	01905-01-1010 January 1905	01994-06-1818 June 1994 (89)	Poland
Kozłowiecki, Adam	M	01911-04-01 1 April 1911	02007-09-28 28 September 2007 (96)	Poland
Lustiger, Jean-Marie	M	01926-09-17 17 September 1926	02007-08-05 5 August 2007 (80)	France
Teitelbaum, Joel	M	01887-01-01 1 January 1887	01979-08-19 19 August 1979 (91)	Romania
Weissmandl, Chaim	M	01903-10-25 25 October 1903	01957-11-29 29 November 1957 (54)	Hungary
Wiechert, Ernst	M	01877-05-18 18 May 1877	01950-08-24 24 August 1950 (73)	Poland

Politics, resistance

Living

Name	Sex	Birth (age)	Country
Bartoszewski, Władysław	M	01922-02-19 19 February 1922 (90)	Poland
Heilman, Anna	F	01928-12-01 1 December 1928 (83)	Poland
Triemel, Jack	M	01928-12-13 13 December 1928 (83)	Poland
Veil, Simone	F	01927-07-13 13 July 1927 (84)	France

Deceased

Name	Sex	Birth	Death (age)	Country
Blum, André	M	01872-04-09 9 April 1872	01950-03-03 3 March 1950 (77)	France
Bratteli, Trygve	M	01910-01-11 11 January 1910	01984-11-20 20 November 1984 (74)	Norway
Cyrankiewicz, Józef	M	01911-04-23 23 April 1911	01989-01-20 20 January 1989 (77)	Poland
Draxler, Ludwig	M	01896 1896	01972 1972 (76)	Austria
Geremek, Bronisław	M	01932-03-06 6 March 1932	02008-07-13 13 July 2008 (76)	Poland
Gerhardsen, Einar	M	01897-05-10 10 May 1897	01987-09-19 19 September 1987 (90)
Goldstein, Kurt	M	01914-11-03 3 November 1914	02007-09-24 24 September 2007 (92)	Germany
Kossak-Szczucka, Zofia	F	01889-08-10 10 August 1889	01968-04-09 9 April 1968 (78)	Poland
Lantos, Tom	M	01928-02-01 1 February 1928	02008-02-11 11 February 2008 (80)	Hungary
Nansen, Odd	M	01901-12-06 6 December 1901	01973-06-27 27 June 1973 (71)	Norway
Nielsen, Martin	M	01900 1900	01962 1962 (62)	Denmark
Schumacher, Kurt	M	01885-10-13 13 October 1885	01952-08-20 20 August 1952 (56)	Poland
Šik, Ota	M	01919-09-11 11 September 1919	02004-08-22 22 August 2004 (84)	Czechoslovakia
Srebnik, Simon	M	01930-04-10 10 April 1930	02006-08-16 16 August 2006 (76)	Poland
Vrba, Rudolf	M	01924-11-09 9 November 1924	02006-03-27 27 March 2006 (82)	Czechoslovakia
Wdowiński, Dawid[13][14]	M	01896-05-26 26 May 1896	01970 1970 (73 or 74)	Poland
Wetzler, Alfréd	M	01918-05-10 10 May 1918	01988 1988 (70)	Czechoslovakia

Speakers and researchers of the Holocaust

Living

Name	Sex	Birth (age)	Country
Ban, Noémi	F	01922-09-29 29 September 1922 (89)	Hungary
Bialowitz, Philip[15]	M	01929 1929 (83)	Poland
Biterman, Tauba	F	01918 1918 (94)	Poland
Evers-Emden, Bloeme	F	01926-07-26 26 July 1926 (85)	Netherlands
Fayerman, Severin	M	01922-03-18 18 March 1922 (89)	Poland
Fischl, Peter[16][17]	M	01930-07-19 19 July 1930 (81)	Hungary
Gotz, Elly[18]	M	01928 1928 (84)	Lithuania
Hart-Moxon, Kitty	F	01926 1926 (86)	Poland
Kiek Cohen, Sonja [6]	F	01922-11-21 21 November 1922 (89)	Netherlands
Klarsfeld, Beate	F	01939-02-13 13 February 1939 (73)	Germany
Klarsfeld, Serge	M	01935-09-17 17 September 1935 (76)
Kramer, Clara[19]	F	01927 1927 (85)	Poland
Mandelbaum, Jack	M	01927 1927 (85)	Poland
Nasser, Stephen (Istvan/"Pista")	M	01931-02-17 17 February 1931 (81)	Hungary
Olsson, Eva[20]	F	01924-10-28 28 October 1924 (87)	Hungary
Perel, Solomon	M	01925-04-21 21 April 1925 (86)	Germany
Pollack, Susan[21]	F	01930-09-09 9 September 1930 (81)	Hungary
Riteman, Philip[22]	M	01927 1927 (85)	Poland
Rubin, Tibor	M	01929-06-18 18 June 1929 (82)	Hungary
Taler, Bronisława (née Frankiel)[23]	F	01924-05-14 14 May 1924 (87)	Poland
Taler, Joseph[24]	M	01923-01-10 10 January 1923 (89)	Poland
Wiesel, Elie	M	01928-09-30 30 September 1928 (83)	Romania

Deceased

Name	Sex	Birth	Death (age)	Country
Frankenthal, Hans	M	01926-07-15 15 July 1926	01999-12-22 22 December 1999 (73)	Germany
Gelissen, Rena	F	01920-08-24 24 August 1920	02006-04-08 8 April 2006 (85)	Poland
Gorath, Karl	M	01912-12-12 12 December 1912	02002-03-18 18 March 2002 (90)	Germany
Greenman, Leon	M	01910-09-18 18 September 1910	02008-03-07 7 March 2008 (97)
Herskovic, William	M	01914-06 June 1914	02006-03-03 3 March 2006 (93)	Hungary
Kanitz, Miklos	M	01938 1938	02006 2006 (76)	Hungary
Mandelbaum, Henryk	M	01922-12-15 15 December 1922	02008-06-17 17 June 2008 (85)	Poland
Pfefferberg, Leopold	M	01913-03-20 20 March 1913	02001-03-09 9 March 2001 (87)	Poland
Rosensaft, Josef	M	01911-01-15 15 January 1911	01975-09-11 11 September 1975 (64)	Poland
Seel, Pierre	M	01923-08-16 16 August 1923	02005-11-25 25 November 2005 (82)	France
Spiegel, Paul	M	01937-12-31 31 December 1937	02006-04-30 30 April 2006 (68)
Wynschenk, Eddy	M	01927-07-18 18 July 1927	02003-12-16 16 December 2003 (76)

Military

Living

Name	Sex	Birth (age)	Country
Kowalski, Józef[25]	M	01900-02-02 2 February 1900 (112)	Poland

Deceased

Name	Sex	Birth	Death (age)	Country
Egge, Bjørn	M	01918-08-19 19 August 1918	02007-07-25 25 July 2007 (88)	Norway
Friedman, Tuviah	M	01922-01-23 23 January 1922	02011-01-13 13 January 2011 (88)	Poland
Pechersky, Alexander	M	01909-02-22 22 February 1909	01990-01-19 19 January 1990 (80)
Pilecki, Witold	M	01901-05-13 13 May 1901	01948-05-25 25 May 1948 (47)
Rodrigues, Henry	M	01930 1930	02007-07-15 15 July 2007 (77)
Shaltiel, David	M	01903 1903	01969 1969 (66)	Germany
Wiesenthal, Simon	M	01908-12-31 31 December 1908	02005-09-30 30 September 2005 (96)	Ukraine
Willner, Eddie	M	01926-08-15 15 August 1926	02008-03-30 30 March 2008 (81)	Germany

Sports

• Kurt Epstein, Czechoslovak Olympic water polo player
• Ben Helfgott, Polish-born British, 3x British champion (lightweight) weightlifter, 3x Maccabiah champion
• Gertrude "Traute" Kleinová, Czechoslovakian 3-time table tennis world champion
• Alfred "Artem" Nakache, France; swimmer; world record (200-m breaststroke), one-third of French 2x world record (3x100 relay team)

See also

• Holocaust denial
• Jews escaping from Nazi Europe
• List of victims of Nazism
• Sh'erit ha-Pletah

Documentaries about Holocaust survivors

• The Boys of Buchenwald
• Marion's Triumph
• One Survivor Remembers, directed by Kary Antholis
• Pola's March
• Shoah, directed by Claude Lanzmann

References

External links

• Holocaust survivor,John O. Friend
• Holocaust Survivors and Remembrance Project
• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• "Holocaust Studies of Dr. Joseph Taler of Poland", Dr. Joseph Taler's life stories (January 19, 2010)
• [7](June 1, 2008)
• "Sustained Through Terrible Trials", as told by Éva Josefsson (June 1, 1998)
• "They Triumphed Over Persecution" - the life stories of Ádám Szinger and Frieda Jess (March 1, 2003)
• "Searching Survivor and the Answer I Found" - The amazing survival story of Marion Baumann-Parkhurst (April, 2007)
• "Intergenerational Healing in Holocaust Families and Breaking Holocaust Silences" - by Eva Metzger Brown, clinical psychologist and child survivor of the Holocaust (April, 2008)
• http://www.eliewieselfoundation.org
• "ethicas.org" - The story of Bernd and Judy Simon, Holocaust Survivors

The Holocaust Related articles by country: Belarus Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Norway Russia Ukraine Early elements Racial policy Nazi eugenics Nuremberg Laws Haavara Agreement Madagascar Plan Forced euthanasia Camps Transit and collection Belgium: Breendonk Mechelen France: Gurs Drancy Italy: Bolzano Netherlands: Amersfoort Westerbork Concentration Bergen-Belsen Bogdanovka Buchenwald Dachau Flossenbürg Gross-Rosen Herzogenbusch Janowska Kaiserwald Mauthausen-Gusen Neuengamme Ravensbrück Sachsenhausen Sajmište Salaspils Stutthof Theresienstadt Uckermark Warsaw Extermination Auschwitz-Birkenau Bełżec Chełmno Jasenovac Majdanek Maly Trostenets Sobibor Treblinka Methods Inmate identification Gas van Gas chamber Extermination through labor Human medical experimentation Inmate disposal of victims Divisions: SS-Totenkopfverbände Concentration Camps Inspectorate Politische Abteilung Sanitätswesen History of the Jews during World War II Pogroms Kristallnacht Bucharest Dorohoi Iaşi Jedwabne Kaunas Lviv Odessa Tykocin Vel' d'Hiv Wąsosz Ghettos Białystok Budapest Kovno Kraków Łódź Lublin Lvov (Lwów) Minsk Riga Vilna Warsaw List of 267 Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland with number of prisoners and deportation route Einsatzgruppen Babi Yar Bydgoszcz Kamianets-Podilskyi Ninth Fort Piaśnica Ponary Rumbula Erntefest Final Solution Wannsee Conference Operation Reinhard Holocaust trains Extermination camps Resistance Jewish partisans Ghetto uprisings (Warsaw · Białystok · Częstochowa) End of World War II Death marches Wola Bricha Displaced persons Other victims Romani people (Gypsies) Poles Soviet POWs Slavs in Eastern Europe Homosexuals People with disabilities Serbs Freemasons Jehovah's Witnesses Responsibility Organizations Nazi Party Schutzstaffel (SS) Gestapo Sturmabteilung (SA) Individuals Major perpetrators Nazi ideologues Collaborators Schutzstaffel (SS) Aftermath Nuremberg Trials Denazification Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany Lists Holocaust survivors Victims and survivors of Auschwitz Survivors of Sobibor Timeline of Treblinka Victims of Nazism Rescuers of Jews Resources The Destruction of the European Jews Functionalism versus intentionalism Remembrance Days of remembrance Memorials and museums